Lexical Ambiguity in the “The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood” Novel

This study aims to find the types and amount of Lexical Ambiguity in the novel "The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood" by Howard Pyle. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique used in this study has several steps, namely understanding lexical ambiguity, reading the novel, finding out lexical ambiguity words in the novel, and making a note of the lexical ambiguity words of the novel. The data source for this research is the novel "The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood" by Howard Pyle. The focus of the research is homonyms, homographs, and homophones. Based on the results of data analysis the use of the word lexical ambiguity as much as 73 data. The first number of findings, the use of homonyms was 19 findings (26%). This word is two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings. Second, Homographs with a total of 30 findings (41%). This word has the same spelling, but its pronunciation and meaning are different. and the Third, Homophone with a total of 24 findings (33%). These words are spelled differently but have a similar pronunciation. Thus, from this amount, it can be concluded that the novel The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood by Howard Pyle found many uses of the word lexical ambiguity with a total of 73 data findings, and the most domineering use of the word is found in the use of Homographs with 30 data findings with a percentage of 41 %.


INTRODUCTION
Language is an arbitrary sound-symbol system used by group members' social skills to work together, communicate, and identify.The function of language is as a means of communication between humans.Language is a tool intermediary between community members in a group and a means of direct interaction with individuals or groups (Chair in Lestari, 2022).Language is a purely human and noninstinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires using a system of voluntarily produced symbols.These symbols are, in the first instance, auditory and they are produced by the socalled "organs of speech (Sapir, 2013).
English is an International language, it became the most widely used language throughout the world.English is the mother tongue of more than 400 million people worldwide.When heads of government meet, English is the most common language often used.English is the only language used by them, most people attempt to get information through receptive skills namely listening and reading (Rayner in Salahuddin A, 2022).
Literary work can be defined as a branch of literature dealing with words as raw material to create a picture, an idea, or a story in a meaningful pattern.Literary work is valued as a work of art with a literary style which is a different form that we use in daily life.There are two types of literary work, either creative writing or the study of what is written.The literary work as a work of art can be a drama, fiction; essay, or biography, and sometimes the author also deals with an imaginary work such as drama, novel, or poetry (Mutiarani, 2017).
The novel is one of the works of prose creative literature, and an extraordinary event in the lives of extraordinary people because this incident was born a conflict, a dispute, which diverts the course of their destiny (Alviah in Ekasari, 2022).The novel is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity that attempts to reflect and express something of the equality or value of human experience or conduct (Tylor in Putri, 2023).In the novel, we examine several studies, namely: Structural study and linguistic study.In the study of the novel Generally, the structural study included flow, theme, characterization, setting, language style, and others (Novenia, 2019).
Structural study is studies that examine general matters in novels, namely theme, characterization, setting, language style, and other, and linguistic study is studies that examine language is symbolic, language is sound, language is arbitrary, language is conventional, language is productive, language is unique as well as universal, language is dynamic, and language is human, language is meaningful that is pragmatics and semantics.Ambiguity is a word or a sentence when it can be interpreted in more than one way, the condition of misunderstanding the meaning of language (Fauziati in Rekha Agnira, 2014).Ambiguity is a linguistic condition that can arise in a variety of ways (Pateda in Sari, 2021).Ambiguity can arise in various types of writing or speech.The three forms of ambiguity include: related to phonetics, grammatical, and lexical.Stated sentences that are ambiguous on the lexical level of the word are also called lexical ambiguity.Lexical ambiguity also known as semantic ambiguity lexical ambiguity is when a word has more than one generally accepted meaning.It can be concluded that each word can have more than one meaning, it can refer to different objects according to the environment of the wearer (Alifazuha, 2022).
In this research, the researchers were interested in using a novel entitled "The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood".The researcher chose the novel as an object that will be discussed because it is a famous novel and this novel uses classic English.Besides many lexical ambiguity words the objective is to analyze how many the lexical ambiguity and what are lexical ambiguity words. .

METHODOLOGY
Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by research subjects such as behavior, and perception, holistically, and with way of description in the form of words and language, in a special natural context and by utilizing various natural methods, such as using content analysis method (Hidayah, 2019).Content analysis is a research method for the subjective interpretation of the content of text data through a systematic coding process of classification, and identifying a theme or pattern, and content analysis using the description method (Hsieh in Zhang, 2005).The descriptive method is a method used by researchers to find knowledge of research at a certain time (Mukhtar in Rafendi, 2020).Furthermore, the descriptive method is used because it describes the results of the data that has been collected in the form of a description.Therefore, not only analyzing and describing the data but also interpreting the data to get a rich and deep understanding of the form of lexical ambiguity in the novel " The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood".

Findings
Based on the researcher's findings, data were obtained by analyzing the novel, making sure of lexical ambiguity.In this study, the researchers found several types of lexical ambiguity in the novel " The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood".They are Homonyms, Homographs, and Homophone.Fair primroses all along the briery hedges 10, 3, 4 Homonym 5.
Amid which the little birds sang with might and main 10, 3, 11 Homophone 7.
Amid which the little birds sang with might and main 10, 3, 12 Homophone 8.
Amid which the little birds sang with might and main 10, 3, 12 Homophone 9.
Making themselves merry with feasting and drinking as they sat around a huge pasty 11, 1, 2 Homograph 10.
Then one of them, with his mouth full, called out to Robin, "Hulloa, where goest thou, little lad, with thy one-penny bow and thy farthing shafts?"Then they vowed that even as they had been despoiled they would despoil their oppressors, whether baron, abbot, knight, or squire, and that from each they would take that which had been wrung from the poor by unjust taxes, or land rents, or in wrongful fines According to the table above, the number of psychological aspects of human motivation found in the data source is 12 (99,99%) data. 1 (8,33%) data showing aspects of appetites, 1 (8,33%) data that refers to the aspects of want, 6 (50%) data that refers to the aspects of emotions, 3 (25%) data that refers to the aspects of feelings and attitudes and 1 (8,33%) data which refers to the aspects of social motive.According to the data above, the data with the highest frequency is an aspect of emotions.

Discussion
In this discussion, the writer discussed Lexical Ambiguity in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood Novel by Howard Pyle.Homonym, Homograph, and Homophone.

Homonym
In The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, there was a homonym as in the quote below.
1) "Not only Robin himself but all the band were outlaws"( 9, 2, 1).Band has 2 meanings, namely music group and mob.At that time, the meaning of the band was mob, because it was explained that not only the Robin but the mob (people) were outlaws.2) "Fair primroses all along the briery hedges" ( 10,3,4).Fair has 2 meanings, namely beautiful and pale.At that time what was meant by fair was beautiful, because in that sentence there was the word flower, namely primroses, so to describe the beauty of this flower, the meaning of the word fair was beautiful.3) "I'll baste thy sides until thou wilt ne'er be able to walk again" (12,7,3).Baste has 2 meanings, namely to sew with long stitches and to pour the liquid over uncooked meat, etc.At that time what baste meant was to sew with long stitches, because in that sentence there is a word, namely until thou wilt ne'er be able to walk again, which means the person in question will be bound or sewn up, what is meant by thy sides is his two legs, so the sentence above has the intention to sew up someone's legs so that the person will not be able to walk again.4) "Sent an arrow back in return" (13,5,6).Back has 2 meanings, namely A part of the human body and From a past time.At that time what was meant by back was from a past time, because it was very clear in that sentence that it was explained that sent an arrow back in return, meaning that the back meant returning an arrow as a reply, therefore the meaning of back in this sentence was more towards time, not a part of the human body.5) "Now he saw a fair lady upon an ambling pad, to whom he doffed his cap" (16,2,8).Cap has 2 meanings, namely a type of hat and a cover for a pen.At that time what was meant by a cap was a type of hat, because in that sentence there was a word, namely now he saw a fair lady upon an ambling pad, then he greeted her by taking off his hat to honor the lady, it was a tradition in 1895, where when we meet someone we respect we have to take off the hat or raise the hat.6) "Good Stutely cut thou a fair white piece of bark four fingers in breadth and set it fourscore yards distant on yonder oak" (21,3,4).Bark has 2 meanings, namely the outer covering of a tree and the sound made by dogs.At that time what was meant by bark was the outer covering of a tree, because in that sentence it was very clear they were talking about a tree, not a dog.The sentence is to cut a small piece of white tree bark as wide as four fingers.7) "But thought that he might serve a warrant for his arrest as he could upon any other man that had broken the laws" (26,1,8).Arrest has 2 meanings, namely (of police) to take and keep a guilty person in a police station and to stop a particular process.At that time what was meant by arrest was (of police) to take and keep a guilty person in a police station, because in that sentence there is the word laws which means it has something to do with the police.8) "The shade of the oak trees that stood around it seemed cool and pleasant" (27,5,9).Cool has 2 meanings, not warm and calm.At that time what was meant by cool was not warm, because in that sentence it explained about the shade of an oak tree which had a lot of wind (cool) and it would be comfortable to take shelter there.9) "List thou and I will tell, but bear thyself up bravely" (32, 1, 1).Bear has 2 meanings, namely a type of wild animal and to tolerate.At that time what bear meant was to tolerate, because in that sentence a person was being convinced to register something but there would be something that person did not know, so that person was told to hold back (tolerance to hold oneself) with courage.10) "All shouted till the very flags that waved in the breeze shook with the sound" (54,1,4).Breeze has 2 meanings, namely a light wind and something that you can do easily.At that time what was meant by brezze was a light wind, because in that sentence there was the word flag so the correct meaning was a light wind because the two had the right connection.11) "Our dear companion Will Stutely hath been taken by that vile Sheriff's men" (64,8,1).Dear has 2 meanings, namely beloved and expensive.At that time what was meant by dear was beloved, because in that sentence they were talking about their colleague who was caught, so the correct meaning for the word dear was beloved, not expensive, because he was not shopping or buying something.12) "Brown pasties warmed beside the blaze" (85,1,4).Blaze has 2 meanings, namely to burn or shine brightly and a white mark on the face of an animal.At that time what was meant by blaze was to burn or shine brightly, because in the atmosphere at that time, they were having a party grilling meat and other foods, so the exact meaning of the word blaze was to burn because it needed fire to roast meat and other foods.13) "Then once more Robin held his kinsman off at arm's length and scanned him keenly from top to toe."Why, how now," quoth he, "what change is here?Verily, some eight or ten years ago I left thee a stripling lad, with great joints and ill-hung limbs, and lo! here thou art, as tight a fellow as e'er I set mine eyes upon" (139,2,3).Change has 2 meanings, namely to replace and to become different or to make somebody/something different.At that time what was meant by change was something different, because it is very clear in that sentence that a person is experiencing a change, about eight or 10 years ago he was left with a sore leg, but now he is healthy and even stronger.14) "I gave him a box o' the ear, and-wouldst thou believe it?The fellow straightway died o't" (140,1,12).Box has 2 meanings, namely a container for holding things and a small square or rectangular shape drawn on a page.At that time what was meant by a box was a container for holding things, because it was very clear in that sentence someone was telling a story he gave a box, but the way he was thrown and accidentally hit the ear, and finally the person who was thrown died, but people thought he was dead for having his neck broken.15) "If thou dost budge an inch, I will rattle this staff about thine ears" (156,2,4).Budge has 2 meanings, namely to move slightly and to change your opinions.At that time what budge meant was to move slightly, because it was very clear in that sentence someone was being threatened if he moved even a little, he would die.16) "The sound came from over behind the bank, that here was steep and high, dropping from the edge of the road a half a score of feet to the sedgy verge of the river" (182,3,8).Bank has 2 meanings, namely a financial organization and the side of a river.At that time what was meant by a bank was the side of a river, because it is very clear in that sentence that there is the word river, which means that someone heard a sound coming from the side of a river.17) "The bishop himself came in his robes and opened his book" (209,6,3).The book has 2 meanings, namely a written work published in printed form and to arrange for somebody to have a seat on a train, plane, hotel, etc.At that time what was meant by a book was a written work published in printed form, because at that time Ellen and Sir Stephen's wedding was being held, the priest came and opened the book, the book he meant was We Are Holy.18) "Hitched to the branches of the trees close at hand were six horses, one of them a barb with gay trappings upon which the bishop was wont to ride" (225,5,12).Barb has 2 meanings namely spiked trap and a critical remark.At that time what was meant by a barb was a spiked trap, because in that sentence it was explained that there were six horses but one of them was hit by a spiked trap (barb) made by someone.19) "He hath given the Bishop of Hereford command over all these men" (334,4,10).The command has 2 meanings, namely order and knowledge.At that time, what was meant by a command was an order, because it was very clear in that sentence that someone ordered the bishop and everyone else to do what he wanted.

Homograph
In The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, there was a homograph in the quote below.1) "When good King Henry the Second ruled the land" (9, 1, 2 because in that sentence it explains that someone will be punished for making a mistake, namely cutting off the ear that is close to the head.4) "Making themselves merry with feasting and drinking as they sat around a huge pasty" (11,1,2).Pasty has two pronunciations and meanings, namely ['peɪsti], pale, and ['paesti], pie.At that time what pasty meant was ['paesti], pie, because in that sentence it was explained that at that time there was a party and it was very clearly written in the sentence that they were drinking while circling a big cake and the big cake that meant was pie.5) "Then one of them, with his mouth full, called out to Robin, "Hulloa, where goest thou, little lad, with thy one-penny bow and thy farthing shafts?" (11,1,9).The mouth has two pronunciations and meanings, namely maƱθ], a part of the face, and [maƱð], to say something.At that time, what was meant by mouth was maƱθ], a part of the face, because this sentence explains that someone with a full mouth is called robin, which means that someone is eating something in his mouth.6) "The next moment the bowstring rang and the arrow sped down the glade as a sparrowhawk skims in a northern wind" (12,4,7).Wind has two pronunciations and meanings, namely [wɪnd], air, and [waɪnd], to twist or wrap.At that time what was meant by wind was [wɪnd], air, because in that sentence there was the word northern wind which meant that the sentence explained that the meaning of wind was air not to twist or wrap.7) "But henceforth thou wilt live indeed" (24,4,3) that sentence explained that the blacksmith was busy making armor for security security (Escort).13) "All along upon the green meadow beneath the town wall stretched a row of benches" (49,1,20).The row has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Row [roʊ] (noun, verb), a line of seats or to move a boat, using oars, and Row [raʊ] (noun, verb), a noisy argument or to have a noisy argument.At that time, what was meant by a row was [roʊ] (noun, verb), a line of seats, because in that sentence it was very clear that it was describing the atmosphere of a meadow under the city wall and there were many chairs arranged neatly (row).14) "That day the Sheriff sat at meat in the great hall of his house at Nottingham Town" (57,1,2).House has two pronunciations and meanings, namely House [haʊs] (noun), a building for family or household and House [haʊz] (verb), to provide a place to live.At that time what was meant by the house was [haʊs] (noun), a building for family, because it is very clear in the sentence above that we were not renting out the house, but rather telling the sheriff who was sitting in the hall of his house (a building of the sheriff's family).15) "Now stand thou back thine own self," quoth Little John, and straightway smote the man a buffet beside his head that felled him as a butcher fells an ox, and then he leaped to the cart where Stutely sat" (70,3,2).Buffet has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Buffet [bə'feɪ] (noun), a meal at a party, and Buffet ['bʌfɪt] (verb), to push roughly.At that time what was meant by buffet was ['bʌfɪt] (verb), to push roughly, because the atmosphere in the sentence above was a tense situation because there was a fight, namely Little John got angry and then to push roughly (buffet) and hit someone.
16) "The half-moon glimmered with a pale light betwixt the leaves of the trees overhead" (85,2,8).Overhead has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Overhead [oʊvərhed] (adjective), the cost of running a business, and Overhead [oʊvər'hed] (adverb), above your head.At that time what was meant by overhead was [oʊvər'hed] (adverb), above your head, because it is very clear that the sentence above does not explain the costs of running a business but rather describes the crescent moon that can be seen overhead.17) "One of them was sorely hurt in one arm, yet he hath got the use of it again" (87, 1, 1).Use has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Use [ju:s] (noun), the act of utilizing something, and Use [ju:z] (verb), to utilize.At that time what was meant by use was [ju:s] (noun), the act of utilizing something, because in that sentence it describes someone's hand that was injured in his hand but he was still used for a fight.18) "He looked steadily into the Sheriff's eyes so that the latter did not suspect who he was" (97, 1, 2).Suspect has two pronunciations and three meanings, namely Suspect ['sʌpekt] (adjective, noun), a person who might be guilty of a crime, and Suspect [sə'pekt] (verb), to be suspicious.At that time what was meant by suspect was [sə'spekt] (verb), to be suspicious, because in that sentence someone was in disguise and he dared to look the sheriff in the eye so that he was not suspected.19) "The robin, too, and eke the dove" (106, 5, 2).Dove has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Dove [dʌv] (noun), pigeon, and Dove [doʊv] (verb), past tense of dive -to jump.At that time what dove meant was[dʌv] (noun), pigeon, because this sentence is a snippet of a song lyric, which is about someone disappointed because Robin left him, the incident was as if at a wedding where the robin and the bride released pigeon ( dove).20) "As a present from his worship" (110,5,3).Present has two pronunciations and three meanings, namely Present ['preznt] (adjective, noun), existing; in progress; current, gift, and Present [prɪ'zent] (verb), to give something to somebody.At that time what was meant by present was ['preznt] (noun), gift, because that sentence explains how little John and the others should not also carry off some of his silver plates to Robin Hood, because it was in the form of appreciating Robin Hood.21) "The entrance being barred by a massive oaken door two palms '-breadth in thickness" (118, 2, 2).Entrance has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Entrance ['entrəns] (noun), a passage, doorway, etc., and Entrance [ɪn'traens] (verb), to enthrall or fascinate.
At that time what was meant by entrance was ['entrəns] (noun), doorway, because it was very clear in that sentence that it was explained that a door was closed by a wooden door.22) "Would have laid stout Robin lower in the dust than he had ever gone before" (137,3,11).
Lower has two pronunciations and three meanings, namely Lower ['loʊər] (adjective, verb), near the bottom of something, to reduce, and Lower ['laʊər] (verb), of clouds to be dark.At that time what was meant by lower was ['loʊər] (adjective), near the bottom of something, because the atmosphere at that time was Robin fighting with a stranger but the robin was hit and so that Robin fell to the ground.23) "Because thou hast so often made a jest about a certain increase of fatness on my joints" (141,1,2)

Homophone
In The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, there was a homophone in the quote below.1) "Amid which the little birds sang with might and main" (10,3,11).Which has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Which: Interrogative pronoun, used both substantively and adjectively, and in direct and indirect questions, to ask for, or refer to, a person or thing among several of a class and Witch: A female sorcerer or magician.2) "Amid which the little birds sang with might and main" (10,3,12).Might have a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Might: Expresses possibility and Mite: A slight but appreciable amount or a tiny microscopic insect.3) "Amid which the little birds sang with might and main" (10,3,12).Main has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning namely Main: Most important element and Maine: A state in New England.4) "Then one of them, with his mouth full, called out to Robin, "Hulloa, where goest thou, little lad, with thy one-penny bow and thy farthing shafts?" (11,1,8).Then has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Then: relates to time, and Than is used to introduce a comparison.5) "I see a herd of deer, even more than threescore rods distant" (12, 2, 2).Deer has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Deer: A hoofed grazing animal with antlers and Dear: Highly valued, precious.6) "I see a herd of deer, even more than threescore rods distant" (12,2,3).Than has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Than: used to introduce a comparison and Then: relates to time.7) "I cause the best heart among them to die" (12,2,5).Die has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Die: Pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life and Dye: Color with dye.8) "So, of a sudden, without any warning, he sprang to his feet and seized upon his bow and fitted it to a shaft" (13,4,6).Feet has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Feet: The part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint and Feat: A notable achievement.9) "Then they vowed that even as they had been despoiled they would despoil their oppressors, whether baron, abbot, knight, or squire, and that from each they would take that which had been wrung from the poor by unjust taxes, or land rents, or in wrongful fines" (15,2,6).Knight has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Knight: Originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and Night: The time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside.10) "So that, after a while when the people began to find that no harm was meant to them" (15,2,14).A While has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely A while: For a long time and Awhile: For a short time.11) "So that same morning the messenger started forth upon his errand" (27,4,5).Morning has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Morning: The period between dawn and noon and Mourning: Sorrowful through loss or deprivation.12) "Beat him in the ring at that place before Sir Robert of Leslie and his lady" (29,2,6).Ring has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Ring: a fighting arena and Wring: Twist and press out of shape.13) "Thou hadst better watch thy warrant, man, or else he may steal it out of thy very pouch" (33,2,4).Steal has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Steal: Take without the owner's consent and Steel: An alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range.14) "But fare thee well, thou good old man" (66,3,4).Fare has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Fare: The sum charged for riding in a public conveyance and Fair: Free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules.15) "For there I was born and bred" (75, 1, 1).Bred has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Bred: Cause to procreate and Bread: Food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked.16) "At last the dinner was ready to be served" (79, 2, 1).Dinner has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Dinner: The main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday, and Diner: A person eating a meal (especially in a restaurant) Or a small old-fashioned restaurant.17) "And thus I heard her make her moan" (106,4,6).Moan has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Moan: Indicates pain, discomfort, or distress and Mown: (used of grass or vegetation) is cut down with a hand implement or machine.18) "Dost thou not mind how I taught thee to fend" (139,2,11).Taught has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Taught: Impart skills or knowledge to and Taut: Pulled or drawn tight.19) "Bending to bring the whole weight upon his shoulders" (154,4,5).Weight has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Weight: The vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity or influence, and Wait: Stay in one place and anticipate or expect something.20) "It was only a week ago I saw him skipping across the hill like a yearling doe" (166,4,4).
Week has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Week: Any period of seven consecutive days and Weak: Lacking or wanting in physical strength.21) "So he told them how he had come from York to the sweet vale of Rother" (170,4,6).Vale has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Vale: A long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river and Veil: To obscure, or conceal with or as if with a veil.22) "One bale of silk velvet for the Abbey of Beaumont" (231,5,1).Bale has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Bale: A large bundle bound for storage or transport and Bail: (criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial.23) "The shadows grew long, and finally merged into the grayness of the mellow twilight" (332,2,6).Finally has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Finally: After an unspecified period or an especially long delay, and Finely: In tiny pieces.
24) "In vain he swore he was a holy man, and showed his shaven crown" (350,3,17).Vain has a similar pronunciation but with a different meaning, namely Vain: Characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance, and Vane: Mechanical device attached to an elevated structure; that rotates freely to show the direction of the wind.

Hadziq Fikri 1 , Rio Rizky Octora 2
11, 1, 8 Homophone 11.Then one of them, with his mouth full, called out to Robin, "Hulloa, where goest thou, little lad, with thy one-penny bow and thy farthing shafts?11, 1, 9 HomographLexical Ambiguity in the "The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood" Novel by Howard Pyle *Arief From All the data above the Writer concluded that the result the total lexical ambiguity found was in Table2.
All this time the Corn Engrosser had been staring at Robin, his mouth agape with wonder 157, 2, 10 Homograph 59.It was only a week ago I saw him skipping across the hill like a yearling doe.166, 4, Homophone 60.So he told them how he had come from York to the sweet vale of Rother 170, 4, Homophone 61.The sound came from over behind the bank, that here was steep and high, dropping from the edge of the road half a score of feet to the sedgy verge of the river Hitched to the branches of the trees close at hand were six horses, one of them a barb with gay trappings upon which the Bishop was wont to ride . Live has two pronunciations and meanings, namely[laɪv](adjective), living; not die and [lɪv] (verb), stay alive.At that time what was meant by living was [laɪv] (adjective) living; not dead, because in this sentence there is the word live indeed which means that a person is not a dead body but a soul that has not tasted true life.8)"Houhast missed the mark and dost but weep for the wrong sow"(32, 3, 2).Sow has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Sow [saʊ] (noun), a female pig, and Sow [soʊ] (verb), to plant seeds or to spread trouble-causing ideas.At that time, what was meant by sow was [soʊ] (verb), to plant seeds or to spread trouble-causing ideas, because that sentence was a snippet from a conversation between Robin and tinker who were looking for the truth from a news they got.9) "Then he sang an ancient ballad of the time of good King Arthur, called "The Marriage of Sir Gawaine," which you may some time read yourself, in stout English of early times" (36, 1, 3).Read has two pronunciations and meanings, namely [red] (adjective), educated; knowledgeable dan [ri:d] (noun, verb), an act of reading / to understand writing.At that time what was meant by read was [ri:d] (noun, verb), an act of reading / to understand writing, because in that sentence read meant reading an article or the lyrics of a song entitled "The Marriage of Sir Gawaine".
10) "Thou shalt share all with us and lead a right merry life in the greenwood"(41, 6, 7).Lead has two pronunciations and meanings, namely [led] (noun), a metallic element, and [li:d] (verb), to go in front; to guide | to be in control of something.At that time what was meant by lead was [li:d] (verb), to go in front; to guide | to be in control of something, because in the sentence lead a right merry life, the lead meant is a verb.11)"Despised by this band of rebel outlaws"(43, 1, 9).Rebel has two pronunciations and meanings, namely ['rebl] (noun), a fighter against an authority, and [rɪ'bel] (verb), to fight against an authority.At that time what was meant by rebel was ['rebl] (noun), a fighter against authority, because it is very clear in that sentence that what rebel meant was the person (noun), not the activity (verb).12) "For all the smiths of the town were busy making or mending armor for the Sheriff's troop of escort" (44, 1, 2).Escort has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Escort ['eskɔ:rt] (noun), a group of people for security, and Escort [ɪ'skɔ:rt] (verb), to guard.At that time what was meant by escort was ['eskɔ:rt] (noun), a group of people for security, because . Increase has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Increase ['ɪŋkri:s] (noun), a rise in value, and Increase [ɪn'kri:s] (verb), to become or to make something greater in value.At that time, what was meant by increase was ['ɪŋkri:s] (noun), a rise in the value, because the sentence above was a joke that Robin often made to Little John, namely about Little John's obesity (increase).24)"Allthis time the Corn Engrosser had been staring at Robin, his mouth agape with wonder" Until that time thou must be content to abide with me lest thou breed trouble for theKnight"  (236, 3, 4).Content has two pronunciations and three meanings, namely Content [kən'tent] (adjective, verb), satisfied, to satisfy somebody, and Content ['kɑ:ntent] (noun), the subject matter of a book.At that time what was meant by content was [kən'tent] (adjective), satisfied, because the sentence above describes Lord Bishop staying for a long time (content) with Robin.27) "Proclaimed in a loud voice which three had shot the best from the separate bands" (314, 2, 11).Separate has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Separate ['seprət] (adjective), not joined, and Separate ['sepəreɪt] (verb), to disconnect or divide.At that time, what meant separate was ['seprət] (adjective), not joined, because the sentence above was an announcement of the participants who passed in the shooting competition, namely three people from different groups (separate).28) "If I have to tear down all of Sherwood to find him" (330, 2, 6).Tear has two pronunciations and three meanings, namely Tear [ter] (noun, verb), cut or opening, to cut, rip, or destroy, and Tear [tɪr] (noun), to drop liquid from your eyes.At that time what was meant by tear was [ter] (verb), destroy, because the sentence above was an expression of the angry king, namely whether he had to tear down or destroy (tear) all of Sherwood to find Robin the thief.29) "When he heard that Robin Hood had once more slipped out of the trap, he stayed not a minute" (338, 1, 7).Minute has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Minute [maɪ'nju:t] (adjective), very small or very comprehensive, and Minute ['mɪnɪt] (noun), 60 seconds.At that time what was meant by a minute was ['mɪnɪt] (noun), 60 seconds, because the sentence above is an expression of someone's frustration because the robin managed to escape from the trap not even for one minute (60 seconds).30) "For King Richard of the Lion's Heart was making a royal progress through merry England" (379, 1, 5).Progress has two pronunciations and meanings, namely Progress ['prɑ:grəs] (noun), improvement, and Progress [prə'gres] (verb), to improve.At that time what was meant by progress was [prə'gres] (verb), to improve, because the sentence above is an expression of someone's admiration because King Richard managed to make changes or (progress) to Merry England.